Dietz V. Do human bipeds use quadrupedal. on, the extensor and flexor motor systems since 1960, I visited this family and investigated the affected, siblings neurologically, radiologically, and cognitively. Some researchers have interpreted habitual use of quadrupedalism by these individuals from an evolutionary perspective, suggesting that it represents an atavistic expression of our quadrupedal primate ancestry or "devolution." Crawling on hands and knees is very similar to the locomotion of non-human primates in terms of the quite protracted arm at touch-down, the coordination between the spine movements in the lateral plane and the limbs, the relatively extended limbs during locomotion and the strong correlation between stance duration and speed of locomotion. This book discusses the above issues and offers an important update in the area of depression and dementia. People with uner Tan walk on all fours and often have limited mental abilities and language skills. Males may be affected more than females. The idea, of evolution in reverse can also be considered within, the framework of evolutionary or Darwinian medicine, [36], a foundation for all medicine [37], which was, proposed to answer the question why serious, diseases still exist despite natural selection. 47.Guertin PA. Central pattern generator for, locomotion: anatomical, physiological, and, pathophysiological considerations. footages. There was one instance though where a mother tried to find a solution for her daughter by tying rocks to her legs and feet in attempt for her to only use her two legs without her arms. Muybridge E. The human figure in motion. There were 10 siblings in Branch I and 12 siblings in Branch II. Ardipithecus reveals the surprising ancestry of both. Exploring diagonal gait using a forward dynamic, three-dimensional chimpanzee simulation. The single groups entirely below and, above the 50% reference line were the healthy, individuals with requested QL (FORCED QL) and. "Reverse Evolution" What mode of inheritance is most likely to be the cause of Uner Tan Syndrome? Trettien [20] also found a mixture distribution of, walking gaits in human babies, with 50% using, diagonal crawling on hands and knees, 20% lateral, crawling on hands and knees, and 9% diagonal, crawling on hands and feet. Univariate ANOVA indicated the mean, knee angle, as the independent variable, significantly. All figure content in this area was uploaded by Uner Tan, Article ID: WMC005017 ISSN 2046-1690, Gait Analysis in Uner Tan Syndrome Cases with Key, Symptoms of Quadrupedal Locomotion, Mental, Senior Researcher, Cukurova University Medical School , Cukurova University, Medical School, Adana, 01330 -, Locomotion, Mental Impairment, and Dysarthric or No Speech. Mifflin Company. disorders, such as tuberculosis, Huntington's disease. After an “Aha!” experience [5], I realized the affected siblings were affected by a, novel syndrome. Wallace and Demes [10] investigated the walking gaits, terrestrial and simulated arboreal substrates, and also, found they used DS gait on the arboreal substrate and, LS gait on the ground. [16] carried out a, biomechanical gait analysis of a few UTS cases, belonging to a single family and a few healthy, individuals requested to use QL. he has Uner Tan Syndrome don't know what it is? the percent of the hind limb’s stride durations. There appears to be a critical period in, Uner Tan syndrome (UTS) consists of habitual quadrpedal locomotion (QL), impaired intelligence, and dysarthric or no speech. USA 2015; 112(16): 4877-4884. gait analysis of UTS in more families. UTS cases, and healthy individuals with free (flexed-leg) QL used, predominantly lateral sequence-diagonal couplet. For any queries & Admission Call at:8192007206, 8192007210, Or mail us at: admission@ucbmsh.org, Your email address will not be published. The present book evaluates in chapters contributed by renowned researchers the latest findings on: •Landmarks in the discovery of Blastocystis •Epidemiology, transmission and zoonotic potential •Morphology of human and animal ... Grillner S. Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods, and fish. Tan postulated that this is a plausible example of "backward evolution". Error bars with ±2.0 SD for the hip (open circles, red) and knee (filled circles, black) angles. Zampagni ML, Brigadoi S, Schena F, Tosi P, Ivanenko YP. controls with requested QL, and nonhuman primates. Oxford, 44. Larson SG. What term did Dr. Tan use to describe the disease? were abbreviations for lateral sequence, lateral couplet. position and leg loading. On the uphill surface, the strides of lizards were shorter and quicker than those at a similar speed on the level and downhill surfaces. In brief, living primates cannot, constitute a model to study our ancestors' locomotor. Instead, the extremely low socio-economic status of the patients was thought to play a role in the emergence of UTS, possibly by epigenetically changing the brain structure and function, with a consequent selection of ancestral neural networks for QL during locomotor development. Popper K. Falsification. 19. 0000024317 00000 n METHODS: We recruited 22 individuals with molecular confirmation of RFC1 expansions and submitted them to high-resolution 3T magnetic resonance imaging scans. "Uner Tan Syndrome" cannot . living primates. Raslan, Ivana Rocha; . According to Tan, persons affected by this syndrome walk with a quadrupedal locomotion and are afflicted with "primitive" speech and severe mental retardation. exhibiting LSDC, and 57.1% DSDC, for example. We will report here a man walking on all fours probably, Patients with Uner Tan syndrome (UTS) exhibit habitual quadrupedal locomotion (QL), intellectual disability, dysarthric speech and truncal ataxia. Accordingly, the limb phase values of the UTS, cases mainly exhibited LSDC gaits (94.9%) with a, small percentage of DSDC gaits (5.1%), but the, healthy individuals with requested QL exclusively, exhibited LSDC gaits. The volume concludes with a survey of color vision deficiencies, a discussion of animal models and gene therapy, and a useful description of technical devices supporting patients who are losing sight. Brain evolution and Alzheimer's, 37. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS V. 22, Hip and knee angles during standing on all fours, straight legs nearly perpendicular to the ground. Two consanguineous families with Uner Tan Syndrome (UTS) were analyzed in relation to self-organizing processes in complex systems, and the evolutionary emergence of human bipedalism. Persons affected by this syndrome walk with a quadrupedal locomotion and are afflicted with primitive speech, habitual quadrupedalism, impaired intelligence. Tan proposed that these are symptoms of Uner Tan syndrome.\/p> In January 2008, Tan reported on another family (four males and two females) located in southern Turkey.\/p> Four other unrelated . Uner Tan syndrome, Unertan syndrome or UTS is a syndrome proposed by the Turkish evolutionary biologist Uner Tan.Persons affected by this syndrome walk with a quadrupedal locomotion and are afflicted with primitive speech and severe mental retardation.Tan postulated that this is an example of "backward evolution".The proposed syndrome was featured in the 2006 BBC2 documentary The Family That . The results of the genetic analysis were inconclusive: no genetic code could be identified as the triggering factor for the syndrome in these families. An evolutionary hypothesis, for obsessive compulsive disorder : a-psychological. Four other unrelated cases in families are described as having various degrees of UTS. On the other hand, the evolution in reverse was supported by experimental evidence that proved reverse evolution is a scientific fact. It was also noted that the prominent feature of this syndrome, the diagonal-sequence habitual QL, generated an interference between ipsilateral hands and feet, as in non-human primates. In January 2008, Tan reported on another family (four males and two females) located in southern Turkey.Four other unrelated cases in families are described as having various degrees of UTS. There have been some critics of the disorder, who claim that it's not medically valid. possible sex-related gait types in UTS cases, healthy infants and adults with requested QL, and the nonhuman primates. Now in its fourteenth printing, with more than 50,000 copies sold in all formats, it is an . A syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms that have the same cause. I thank the. A new case of Uner Tan syndrome—With late childhood quadrupedalism A new case of Uner Tan syndrome—With late childhood quadrupedalism Tan, Meliha; Karaca, Sibel; Tan, Uner 2010-04-15 00:00:00 In 2005 a novel syndrome characterized by habitual quadrupedalism, impaired intelligence, primitive language, and no conscious experience was first introduced to the scientific world as Uner Tan . Because I was deeply interested in, and had worked. In an LS walk, a reference hind limb touches, the ground and then the ipsilateral forelimb touches, the ground [16]. free quadrupedal standing using flexed legs (Group 4), and adult arboreal primates (Group 5) were presented, Univariate ANOVA showed the mean hip Angle, (dependent variable) was significantly different, comparison tests indicated no significant difference, between the mean hip angles of the UTS cases, (Group 1) and terrestrial primates (Group 3), and, between the mean hip angles of the healthy, individuals with free QL (flexed-legs), and arboreal, primates: p = 1.000. (LSDC) walks. The results suggested (i) ICARS may not only be a test for cerebellar disorders, but also may be related to global functioning of all of the cerebro-cerebellar regions; (ii) ICARS, WAIS-R and MMSE may be measures of emergent properties of the holistic activity of the brain; (iii) the psychomotor disorders in UTS may be related to decreased brain metabolism. All rights reserved. xref LSDC, but with the DS gait used if necessary. Since 2005, an extensive literature documents individuals from several families afflicted with "Uner Tan Syndrome (UTS)," a condition that in its most extreme form is characterized by cerebellar hypoplasia, loss of balance and coordination, impaired cognitive abilities, and habitual quadrupedal gait on hands and feet. performed on photographs of the UTS cases (Group 1. n = 32), adults with requested straight-leg QL (Group 2, n = 27), adults with free (flexed-leg) QL (Group 3, n =. 53)), adult terrestrial primates (Group 4, n = 24: bonobos, baboons, chimps, gorillas, and rhesus, monkeys), and adult arboreal primates (Group 5, n =, 31): loris, lemur, propithecus, and marmoset), as, The UTS cases (Group 1, n = 32) from 10 families, voluntarily took part in the study, and video footages of, them were used for the gait analyses. Brain MRI scans were performed and cerebro-cerebellar areas were measured on MRI scans, including their metabolic activities (SUV), measured by positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. It was concluded that there may be sporadic wrist-walkers exhibiting no "Uner Tan Syndrome." The results suggest that the cerebellum has nothing to do with human wrist-walking, which may rather be an atavistic trait appearing from time to time in . College Of Bio-Medical Sciences & Hospital |UCBMSH.ORG. (Eds. 16. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a condition that occurs almost exclusively in males. What are the symptoms of Uner Tan Syndrome? Two consanguineous families with Uner Tan Syndrome (UTS) were analyzed in relation to self-organizing processes in complex systems, and the evolutionary emergence of human bipedalism. This is a professional level major reference work containing information, in A-Z format, on herb-drug, herb-supplement, herb -food and herb-laboratory test interactions; all of which is data referenced. 0000006780 00000 n Notice the hip (1) and knee (2), Quadrupedal postures in the UTS cases (A1-A3), healthy individuals with straight- leg. 0000006147 00000 n No quantitative gait analysis was, carried on these cases until 2014, when the QL was, characterized by others as lateral sequence similar to, healthy human adults, but in a small sample size from, only one family. in nonhuman primates with DS walking, and indeed, the ipsilateral limb interference is a potential drawback, of a diagonal walk [8-10]. to the labs: Darwinian medicine and epilepsy today. MMSE and WAIS-R scores both correlated with cerebro-cerebellar areas. Notice primates with large (C: terrestrial) and small (E: arboreal) bodies. Written and edited by leading international experts in the field, this is an essential resource for trainee pediatric pathologists, as well as general pathologists who may encounter pediatric cases. - Lack language. Zool J Linn Soc. 17. 7 Uner Tan Syndrome. Primate Quadrupedalism, and Uner Tan Syndrome. and dysarthric or no speech. Observation and discussion on, the two types of the movement order of four limbs. In Uner Tan Syndrome, the nonsense mutation in the same gene leads to underdevelopment of the neural substrates of upright posture. In Handbook of Physiology. Shapiro et al. <]>> 35.Rollinson J, Martin RD. Pearlson GD, Folley BS. Genetic Cause. Uttaranchal (P.G.) percentages of the LSDC and DSDC walks, including, minimum and maximum limb phase values (%) in all 5, groups. Thus, the healthy individuals freely standing, on all fours-with flexed legs-did not resemble the UTS, The mean hip and knee angles were not significantly, different between the healthy individuals freely, standing on all fours with flexed legs and the arboreal, primates also with flexed legs. Despite that, the symptoms of the Ulas family can't seem to be explained. UTS is a syndrome proposed by the Turkish evolutionary biologist Uner Tan. Several features of the kinematics of D. dorsalis suggest that a sprawling limb enhances the ability to move on inclines. - Walking with feet and palms of hands. Underdeveloped Brain. The only gait analysis previously performed for UTS was of a few cases from only one family (Shapiro et al., 2014). By recording and analysing electrophysiological and biomechanical parameters during functional movements such as locomotion, the significance of impaired reflex behaviour or the pathophysiology of muscle tone and its contribution to the movement disorder can be reliably assessed. [2] It falls under the category of a Joubart Syndrome-related disorder (JSRD). Open Neurol. According to Tan, persons affected by this . A, Darwinian approach to Huntington's disease: subtle. Motor Control (Vol. For instance, Cayman cerebellar ataxia syndrome is caused by mutations in the ATCAY gene, and is associated with truncal ataxia, hypotonia, psychomotor delay, dysarthria, and cerebellar hypoplasia similar to . Rapoport SI. However, this is a difficult question to explore experimentally since most primates only occasionally use anything other than diagonal gaits. Found inside – Page 45These individuals exhibited a never previously reported novel syndrome, referred to as Uner Tan syndrome (UTS), with the main symptoms of habitual locomotion on all fours, mental retardation, and impaired speech (Tan, 2005; Tan 2006a). In essence, ", rhythmic arm movements are under the control, cervical forelimb generators in quadrupeds as well as, the preserved spinal network organization [28], which. So the reason why we have to go get waxed at the salon is for . 0000023162 00000 n William. [15] found a mixture of, DS and LS gaits in nonhuman primates when they. Uner Tan syndrome is a hypothetical genetic condition that many believe is evidence for evolution. Abed RT, Pauw KW. This special anniversary edition of Burkhardt's bestselling work, "Origins: Charles Darwin's Letters: A Selection 1825-1859," now includes previously unpublished letters. %PDF-1.3 %���� Proteus syndrome is a medical condition that leads to disproportionate growth of tissues such as bone, skin, vascular and fatty tissue. - Unknown mutation of caused by interfamilial marriages. However, I had discovered 33 cases in 10, families since finding the first family with UTS in 2005, [17]. These individuals exhibited a never-before-described syndrome with habitual quadrupedal locomotion, severe mental retardation, and dysarthric speech without conscious experience, mostly cerebello-vermian hypoplasia and mildly simplified cortical gyri, referred to Uner Tan Syndrome (UTS). 0000007910 00000 n Found inside – Page 97... syndrome with habitual quadrupedal locomotion, severe mental retardation, and dysarthric speech without conscious experience, mostly cerebello-vermian hypoplasia and mildly simplified cortical gyri, referred to Uner Tan Syndrome ... Quadrupedal walking and running are certainly not the first things that come to mind when one considers unique aspects of primate locomotion. Indeed, some investigators have questioned whether repression even exists. In this book, Professor Rofé offers provocative ideas concerning repression and its role in psychopathology in general. Babies with, free QL exhibited a similar gait pattern to the healthy, individuals with free QL, being 70.0% LSDC and, 30.0% DSDC. Data from electrophysiological and biomechanical investigations of locomotion of patients with spasticity, cerebellar disorder or Parkinson's disease are discussed in this review. evolutionaryemergence of human bipedalism. Shapiro LJ, Cole WG, Young JW, Raichlen DA. [22] found infants on hands and knees, all inclined to move the diagonal limbs together, and. Childs [3], without thighs; that the knee-joint was at the hip, the, leg rigid, and only half the usual length. Other symptoms include a lack of fine motor coordination in the limbs and involuntary eye movement. disturbances to one limb produce coordinated. correlating the findings with clinical symptoms and normal brain RFC1 expression. Healthy individuals could not walk like UTS cases; a comparison was thus not possible. [16]. Notice the, differences and similarities in these subgroups, Percentages and minimum-maximum limb phase values for five study groups. 1992; 24. This, locomotor evolution in reverse was supported by, experimental evidence, which proved reverse, In 1887, Eadweard Muybridge reported the first case, of a person walking on all fours, in a child with a, paralyzed leg [1]. Uner Tan syndrome is a rather recent and rare disorder that was first seen in a case study of the Ulas family in Turkey. This article Yang JF, Stephens MJ, Vishram R. Transient. Similar to the first family, this family also suggested that this syndrome has genetic origins exhibiting an autosomal recessive inheritance (see Tan, 2006b). 21.Righetti L, Nylén A, Rosander K, Ijspeert AJ. Am J, 9. Primates alternating between DS and LS. startxref Tan U, Tamam Y, Karaca S, Tan M. Uner Tan, quadrupedalism in self-organization, attractors and, intellectual and developmental disabilities research.". Of these, there were seven cases exhibiting habitual quadrupedal locomotion (QL): four deceased and three living. 2021-05-12: Read: 5: What is a visual essay? A gait analysis was performed on videos of UTS, cases and other groups. College Of Bio-Medical Sciences & Hospital. arboreal primates in quadrupedal posture. These findings have implications, in the evolution of bipedal locomotion in human beings. In a DS walk, a reference hind limb touches the, ground and then the contralateral forelimb touches the, ground. Gait numbers (limb phases), were as, follows: 0 (or 100) corresponds to a pace, 1-24, represents LSLC, 25: LSSF, 26-49: LSDC, 50: trot. J. Symmetrical gaits of. Habitual human quadrupedalism was first described in 2005, as the most impressive symptom of Uner Tan syndrome (see for a review Tan et al., 2012).Namely, patients with no childhood hypotonia first crawled on their hands and knees like normal children, but adopted quadrupedal locomotion (QL) instead of bipedal locomotion during their locomotor development. This The aims of the review are to provide further insights to the underlying pathophysiology of impaired gait and also towards the selection of an appropriate treatment. [13]; “a, diagonal sequence/diagonal couplet walking gait, creates a strong potential for interference between the, ipsilateral hind and forelimbs” [12]; “…its associated, ipsilateral limb interference in DS gait.” [10]; “, “ipsilateral interlimb interference is very high for DSDC, walking” [14], in which the hind foot touchdowns are, followed by the contralateral fore foot touchdowns. Lastly, this volume will benefit from the typically long "shelf life" of a book in a renowned series, allowing it to be used as reference book for both researchers and students. Story. At the newly instituted PLOS group of blogs a thorough post appearing on the newly moved blog Neuroanthropology describes Turkish individuals who are quadripedal and exhibit what is called Uner Tan Syndrome (UTS). It was suggested that UTS may be regarded as one of the unpredictable outcomes of self-organization within a complex system. The cases had the key symptoms of previously reported cases of UTS, such as quadrupedalism, mental retardation, and dysarthric or no speech, but the new cases . These results add support to the hypothesis that, bipedal locomotion in human beings originated from, arboreal primate life. I am chromosome pair 9! 13.Young JW, Patel BA, Stevens NJ. In fact, the quadrupedalism exhibited by individuals with UTS resembles that of healthy adult humans asked to walk quadrupedally in an experimental setting. with a digital video camcorder at 25 frames/sec. Human beings, use a mixture of the limb phase patterns dominated by. I described the, condition as “locomotor evolution in reverse in, humans,” or in short, “locomotor devolution” [6,7], to, highlight the reappearance of an ancestral locomotion, Despite obtaining extensive video recordings, I, performed no quantitative gait analysis of the UTS, cases. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities presents reports on a wide range of areas in the field of neurological and intellectual disability, including habitual human quadrupedal locomotion with associated cognitive disabilities, Fragile ... The UTS cases were filmed. It has shocked scientists and people all around the world when the very first family of 19 in Turkey was discovered, and out of 19 members there were 5 who had a very strange way of walking. In this context, posture with movement are widespread throughout the, Quadrupedal standing in humans and nonhuman, The individuals with UTS kept their legs straight during, quadrupedal standing and even locomotion, a fact that, had not been reported previously. Pang MY, Yang JF. Front. of the UTS cases (UTS), healthy individuals with requested QL, straight legs (FORCED QL), terrestrial primates with free quadrupedal standing (PRIMATE1), healthy individuals with free, (flexed legs) QL (NORM QL), and arboreal primates with free quadrupedal standing. At the present time we have only a basic understanding of the essential receptor systems, such as leg extensor load receptors, and their interaction with other systems involved in postural control. Neurological examinations showed normal tonus in their arms and legs, no Babinski sign, brisk tendon reflexes especially in the legs, and mild tremor. Terrestrial primates preferred DS gaits. The symptoms caused by the absence of one sex chromosome that leads to the presence of only half of the genes in the PAR . Tan U. predominantly lateral sequence-diagonal couplet Notice the differences and, I would like to submit my revised paper entitled “, Analysis In Uner Tan Syndrome With Quadrupedal, Locomotion, Mental Impairment, And Dysarthric, for possible publication in the Journal of, Uner Tan syndrome was first identified in 2005 as a, unique syndrome characterized by the habitual use of. unlike the DS walking gaits of nonhuman primates. Individuals with UTS stood and walked, on all four extremities with straight legs almost, perpendicular to the ground, but healthy individuals, asked to use straight leg QL could not mimic the QL of, UTS cases, indicating that quadrupedal locomotion in, healthy human individuals is not at all similar to the. As a result, many primate quadrupeds must regularly “overstride” during walking, that is, touch down with their hind foot ahead of their ipsilateral hand by passing it either “inside” or “outside” of the forelimb (Hildebrand, 1967; Reynolds, 1985b; Larson and Stern, 1987; see Figure 1). Tan postulated that this is an example of "reverse evolution" (atavism). In the initial cases of Uner Tan Syndrome, the distinctive and defining symptom of quadrupedalism was accompanied by a number of other cognitive and neurological problems, including especially cerebellar irregularities such as ataxia in the trunk, or the inability to coordinate muscle movement, and intellectual deficits such as delayed or absent speech and . Another distinctive aspect of primate gait utilization is the infrequent use of a running trot (defined as diagonal limbs moving synchronously with relative stance duration of each limb less than 50%; see Hildebrand, 1967). 2021-05-12: Read: 7: How . 23. The number of men exceeded the number of women at p =.07 level, suggesting a male preponderance in the UTS. cercopithecines. Uner Tan Syndrome's most visible symptom is the natural preference for quadrupedal movement (walking on all limbs) instead of just walking on two legs. 32. Reconstructing all non-avian theropods in avian-like poses (subhorizontal femur, knee well flexed) with avian locomotor kinematics (relatively little hip extension at most speeds) ignores major differences in scaling between these groups of organisms. Thus, more families with UTS cases needed to, be subjected to a quantitative gait analysis, to be, The essential questions to be answered by a more, comprehensive study of cases from the 10 families, were: (i) do the UTS cases use LS and/or DS walking, gait? [31], for, behavior that can result from adaptive processes, triggered by disorders in postural tone and, mechanisms of human quadrupedalism [32], Patrick et, al. 7. Uner Tan Syndrome is named after a famous Turkish evolutionary biologist who documented a family living with the disease. TRENDS in Neurosci. theory of "human locomotor evolution in reverse" [4]. In the context of accumulating evidence from genetics, developmental biology, anatomy, ecology, biogeography, and geology, Ardipithecus alters perspectives on how our earliest hominid ancestors--and our closest living relatives--evolved. Sensory Processing Disorder is an increasingly common diagnosis, with a wide range of symptoms that can be difficult for parents and pediatricians to identify. This book aims to offer the accumulated fertile experience of treating drug-resistant epileptic patients collected over the past few decades, focusing on aspects of neurology, neurosurgery, emergency care, critical care medicine and basic ... This family story was documented by the BBC in 2006 entitled "The Family . He studied the peculiarities of the behavior of the 5 members of the Ulaş family in Turkish countryside who walked on quadrupedal systems, used primitive language, and had congenital brain damage or impaired consciousness. programs and afferent input. This disorder can have either an adult onset, or juvenile form . We performed multimodal analyses . What are symptoms of Uner Tan Syndrome? 0000001207 00000 n VS. Trunk orientation, stability, and quadrupedalism. were the same in UTS cases and terrestrial primates. Uner Tan Syndrome. Nursing Care in Pediatric Respiratory Disease seeks to provide both nurses and nurse practitioners with this information in order to aid them in the diagnosis and treatment of children suffering from acute and chronic respiratory disorders. Previously, I described, the walk of cases with UTS as diagonal sequence (DS), because of ipsilateral limb interference, mostly, observed in nonhuman primates with DS QL. When compared to birds, non-avian theropods have relatively long, slender femora that do not seem to be built to withstand the forces associated with such an orientation. Documentary Films, YouTube. Autosomal Recessive. Brain areas significantly inter-correlated: ICARS negatively correlated with WAIS-R, MMSE scores, SUV, and cerebro-cerebellar areas, which significantly correlated with each other. This article presents a representable sample for the gait analysis of UTS. Schizophr Bull, 2008; 42. There were no cerebellar signs and symptoms upon neurological examination. Otherwise, he exhibited all of the symptoms of UTS . According to his mother, he had an infectious disease with high fever as a three months old baby; as a result, the left leg had been paralyzed after a penicilline injection. 0000002162 00000 n Results: Females predominantly used DS gait, contrary to males with predominantly LS gait. the gaits in a few UTS cases with healthy individuals, but they did not report if their healthy participants, walked freely with bent (flexed) or straight (extended), legs. and healthy individuals with free (flexed-leg) QL used Schmitt D. Insights into the evolution of human, bipedalism from experimental studies of humans and.
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